Andrea Charron holds a PhD from the Royal Military College of Canada and is Assistant Professor of Political Studies and Deputy-Director of the Centre for Defence and Security Studies at the University of Manitoba. Her book, UN Sanctions and Conflict: Responding to peace and security threats (New York: Routledge, 2011) details both the consistency of purpose and the logic of change across sanctions cases that have occurred in decades of Security Council action. Her latest research explores the interaction of African regional sanctions and UN sanctions. See “Sanctions and African: United Nations and Regional Responses”, in Responding to Conflict in Africa: The United Nations and Regional Organizations, Jane Boulden (ed) (New York, Palgrave, 2013): 77-100.