Anthony J S Craig is a PhD candidate in the Department of Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University, and a member of the Research School on Peace and Conflict at the Peace Research Institute Oslo. His PhD research investigates developments in national cyber capabilities across the international system.

Brandon Valeriano is the Donald Bren Chair of Armed Politics at the Marine Corps University and a Reader in the Department of Politics and International Relations at Cardiff University. He also serves as an adjunct fellow for the Niskanen Center. His two most recent books are Cyber War versus Cyber Reality at Oxford University Press (2015) and Russia’s Coercive Diplomacy at Palgrave (2015).