Francis O’Connor (Francis.oconnor@wur.nl) was most recently a Marie Curie Skłodowska Post-Doctoral Fellow in Rural Sociology at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. His research addresses the grey area between violent and non-violent mobilization. He particularly focuses on the relationship between insurgent movements and their supporters: his last project, Routinised Insurgent Space, looks at the spatial dynamics of insurgent support in the cases of the PKK in Turkey and the M-19 in Colombia. He has published on insurgent movements in Turkey and Kurdistan, Mexico and Colombia, anti-austerity protests in Europe, lone-actor radicalisation and social movement mobilisation in secessionist referendums. His most recent publications focus on the PKK in the 1970s and the M-19 in urban Colombia.