John Williams is Professor of International Relations in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University, UK. His research work on the English School has concentrated on normative theory, particularly in relation to pluralism and the ways in which ethical diversity in world politics can be understood. This work has culminated in Ethics, Diversity and World Politics: Saving Pluralism From Itself? (2015 Oxford University Press) which seeks to fundamentally reform the pluralist strand of English School theory as a normatively progressive basis for understanding world politics beyond the society of states.