Author profile: Raymond Hinnebusch and Ola Rifai

Raymond Hinnebusch is Professor of International Relations and Middle East Politics and Director of the Centre for Syrian Studies at the University of St. Andrews.

Ola Rifai is a Senior Fellow of the Centre for Syrian Studies at the University of St. Andrews.

Understanding Syria’s Sectarian Wave

Raymond Hinnebusch and Ola Rifai • May 9 2021 • Articles

The first condition for de-sectarianization is the end to external competitive intervention in Syria’s conflict. Much will depend on what dominant national identity is constructed to replace (or restore) Arabism.

Please Consider Donating

Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.

E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view. Any amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Many thanks!

Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below.