Canadian intelligence reached its sophistication as result of the Gouzenko Affair, which triggered a ramp up of counter-espionage and Signals Intelligence capabilities.
Despite their widespread usage through the UN Security Council, targeted sanctions regimes fail to effectively impair the capacity of the targeted entity.
Defying other states, China is acting like a normal emerging power, playing the geopolitical game and inevitably growing its influence on the African continent.
Canada’s inability to improve UNPROFOR operations in Yugoslavia resulted from an interaction between an inconsistent foreign policy and a changed international system.
The ‘Christmas Tree’ metaphor best describes the EU’s Russia policy, as certain mechanisms to manage external affairs represent obstacles to a unitary strategy.
Initially reluctant to securitise relations with Russia, Norway has perceived events in Ukraine as destabilising and modified its Russia policy accordingly.
The crux of the spread of terrorism lies individual leaders being able to anchor terrorist groups in weak states and use modern communication technologies effectively.
Taiwan’s democratic consolidation has fundamentally altered cross-strait politics and has reshaped the debate along the lines of national identity.
American exceptionalism drives the United States to believe that it is legitimate in all of its foreign policy actions and that its intentions are above reproach.
A historical perspective is required to understand how India’s past as a both a dominant and an oppressed power affects its modern foreign policy identity.
Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.
E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view. Any amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Many thanks!
Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below.
