The shift in Turkish civil-military relations post 2002 is a consequence of an emerging reconfiguration of norms, interests, and identity in Turkish politics.
Parties that identify with being on the right of centre, who follow a Eurosceptic ideology and call for the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union show significant growth in electoral support in recent years.
Whilst many of the monarchies in the region seem unwilling to cede power entirely to more democratic institutions, there has been a push for constitutional monarchies.
The origins of the Icelandic bid for EU membership lie in a national crisis never before experienced and the purpose of membership remains a hotly disputed topic in the nation of just over 300,000.
The current British government aims to create a British identity from liberal-democratic values. However, values that assert a particular world view cannot unify diverse populations.
The “shadow of Somalia”, national interest and lack of internal pressure led to international failure to prevent and stop the Rwandan genocide.
Although East Timor gained independence in 2002, it was a failure to mitigate ethnic tensions in 1999 that demonstrated the UN’s self-limiting culture.
By concentrating on the struggles of Copperbelt mineworkers, their resistance to neoliberal domination in Zambia be understood and reaffirmed.
Symbolic politics theory is a more accurate account of ethnic conflict. It attributes the outbreak of extreme violence to both elite politics and the socialization of competing identities.
Nationalism, as a concept, ultimately fails to facilitate order and justice in international society because of its inherently volatile and unpredictable nature.
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