The fusion thesis is a helpful lens through which to understand EU integration, but it must be understood as more than the permeation of the supranational into the national arena.
The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions is at the centre of emancipatory, grassroots activism in Zimbabwe, providing potential for a democratic, anti-neoliberal future.
The UN, while far from flawless, is of paramount importance and relevance for maintaining national security and the worldwide protection of human rights.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization operates in a diametrically different cultural and normative setting to Western International Organizations and must be seen within this context.
The need for a gendered approach to peacebuilding has been acknowledged, but the link between rhetoric and policy implementation remains questionable.
The United Nations have gained the chair of global moral arbiter in an essentially anarchic international society and will continue to be so in the foreseeable future.
Habermas, Pogge, and Kokaz come to a similar conclusion; the establishment of some form of global constitutional order is necessary to bring about egalitarian global redistribution.
It would be beneficial to free the concept of democracy of its territorial, state-bound constraints and work toward a more democratic global order, but a new global structure is not feasible.
Although “humanitarian interventions” have been undertaken in the post-Cold War era, most were not purely humanitarian-oriented, but driven by states’ national interests.
The moral standing and credibility of the US and UK have weakened following Iraq, thus negatively impacting their ability to build international commitment to the R2P principle.
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