Torture is not a necessity in counterinsurgency as a tactic or a strategy, even in extreme situations in which it appears a tempting option.
The “shadow of Somalia”, national interest and lack of internal pressure led to international failure to prevent and stop the Rwandan genocide.
Although East Timor gained independence in 2002, it was a failure to mitigate ethnic tensions in 1999 that demonstrated the UN’s self-limiting culture.
The classification of countries has been dynamic through history due to changing economic situations and fluctuating relations between states.
The consequences of the Arab Spring will be different for monarchies than for republics. Arab monarchies are stronger structurally, and more flexible.
In the aftermath of the Cold War the world found itself confronting a new security environment, and this process of transformation produced very complex and ambiguous effects on the EU-US security relationship.
It is evident that SAPs worsened the economic situation of Rwanda, and they had significant effects on the wider social and political environment.
In South Asia, the ongoing prevalence of violence against women is structurally associated with the region’s cultural incorporation of patriarchal norms.
By concentrating on the struggles of Copperbelt mineworkers, their resistance to neoliberal domination in Zambia be understood and reaffirmed.
Economic factors are central to the genesis, progression and resolution of African PCCs. Foreign states and aid agencies must respond with techniques that economically disincentivise combatants.
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