Iran plays a major role in regional issues and will continue to do so in order to protect or uphold the safety and security of the Shia Crescent. It is increasingly becoming the regional hegemon.
Putin saw volatility in the Middle East as an opportunity to expand Russian influence whilst keeping the gaze of the West away from regions with greater strategic importance to Russia.
China’s friendly relations with the governments of the Middle East, its rising influence, and its more assertive foreign policy look set to combine to enable it to play a more substantial role in the region.
Social media are used by authoritarian regimes and tyrants – and as instruments of resistance. In both cases, they participate in the redefinition of the world order.
Experiences of ‘the international’ include folklore, legend, and oral history – places where IR is unable to go because of its preoccupation with rationality and order. It is time this cloak is removed.
Acknowledgment of three options for Britain may appear victorious for remainers but having a “Remain” option is destined to fail everyone – except the far right.
In principle, the nation-state is an institutional means precisely to democratize the international system.
With the shift from a unipolar world to a multipolar one, understanding the interactions between strong powers and norms, norm violations, and norm shifts is important.
Despite many years of focus on this topic, scholars have not yet come to a complete understanding of how or why norms emerge and evolve or change over time.
It is not unconceivable that Bolsonaro will soon find himself in a position of needing all the help he can get – including that which may come from the United States.
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