There is far more at stake for Islamabad in upgrading the region to provisional provincial status than merely appeasing Beijing or angering New Delhi.
Amidst a breakdown in relations over Kashmir, signs are pointing towards another war between Pakistan and India.
Pakistan faces a dilemma as it can neither overtly side with the US nor can support Iran as both options will lead to far-reaching security and economic consequences.
The Security Council limited the Kashmiri people to accession into either India or Pakistan, in fact privileging another norm: the existing sovereign state’s rights.
Rather than using the war-narrative, there is evidence that people may accept difficult steps if they are coupled with a more humane and sympathetic narrative.
With India causing discomfort to Islamabad, the long-standing Islamic alliance will continue on the basis of strategic, political and economic convergences that are crucial for both countries.
Mike Martin discusses his career in the British Army and risk management, recent negotiations between the US and the Taliban, and the importance of ideology in conflict.
![Image by DVIDSHUB [Cpl. Marco Mancha]](https://www.e-ir.info/wp-content/uploads/fly-images/77845/Image-by-DVIDSHUB-384x250-c.jpg)
The war in Afghanistan will not be a win, but a qualified conclusion. One scenario for ending it seems to be settling for a draw and a peace with some hope of enduring.
If the 2003 ceasefire between India and Pakistan is formalised with clear rules and regulations it should reduce the chances of future ceasefire violations.
This article highlights six challenges to the nuclear regime followed by a three-step approach to finding common ground to reduce the risk of nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan.
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