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Though barbaric, heinous, and atrocious, sexual violence is employed when its use makes strategic sense, i.e. is capable of inflicting maximum damage at a low cost and a high pay-off.
Almost a century after its birth, IR is still in the process of defining itself. The Great Debates stimulated discussion about the essential characteristics of the discipline, and through these IR theory has undoubtedly advanced in complexity and nuance since its founding, and doubtless will continue to do so.
Until India decides to reduce its Non-Tariff Barriers the granting of MFN status to India will not do anything to benefit Pakistani traders and exporters.
The atmosphere, forests and other forms of ‘natural capital’ come under the concept of the commons and increasingly these are being ‘managed’, through enclosure, carbon markets and other economic methods. This stance is, in many ways, at fault for the ecological issues faced today.
This essay addresses how the power of national governments is undermined by neo-liberal policies. It argues that power is undermined in all states, although not in all equally. It will show how this fact can explain why strong states promote neoliberal policies even though their domestic power is diminished by it.
Syria warrants the application of R2P as there is an on-going government campaign of extermination against civilians; however, no country is willing to commit to a military intervention.
Nuclear weapons increased the state’s destructive power, particularly after the development of thermonuclear weapons, with effectively no limits. With greater destructive yields and shorter delivery times courtesy of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), it is commonly understood that had the cold war turned hot, it would have been the end of civilisation as we know it. But did nuclear weapons keep it cold?
In April 2010, the Securities and Exchange Commission filed a suit against Goldman Sachs, accusing it of committing securities fraud in which the bank created and sold an investment secretly devised to fail.
Humanitarian assistance and state building play an essential role in COIN and should be incorporated into all COIN strategies.
Beginning in 1997 Zimbabwe’s ZANU-PF ushered in a radical land reform which rapidly accelerating after 2000. Despite ongoing racialised economic inequality in South Africa, the ANC has retained its measured approach along the market-based terms of willing-buyer/willing-seller with a focus on restitution. This essay explores the factors behind their different trajectories.
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