The English School constitutes a school that does not compete with IR paradigms on the same basis, but instead is an arena for syntheses and even internal disputes and dilemmas.
This essay asserts that although NGO participation appears to remain a privilege mediated and granted by states, NGO engagement, ‘self association’, and ‘political will formation’ is central in revealing how power must now be understood in the global order – that is to say that political power “operates through rather than on civil society”.
Due to factors like nation size, proximity of threats, and regional instability, the legacy of Lebanon for Israel was perhaps more profound than the Vietnam legacy was for the US.
Given the structural deficiencies that weaken the EMU and consequently the international status of the Euro, it is unlikely that the Euro will rival the Dollar, at least in the short term.
It is clear then that the Non Proliferation Treaty has enjoyed some success in curbing nuclear proliferation; most states have signed and abide by the rules of the NPT. The example of the A.Q Khan network as a non-state actor taking an active role in proliferation is a classic example of how the NPT is not effective at dealing with the problems the post cold war world faces.
Despite the fact that there are some similarities between neo-realism and neo-liberalism, it shall be the differences between these theories that will be the focus of my attention, as it will help me to determine more rigorously which of the arguments is the more convincing. The points of comparison shall be the effects of the anarchical international system, and thus, the extent to which cooperation can be achieved, the importance of relative and absolute gains, the conflict between state capabilities and interests, and finally the importance of institutions and regimes. It is important to note that neo-realism is often also called structural realism, and neo-liberalism neo-liberal institutionalism. As the question prefers to call the theories neo-realism and neo-liberalism, this is what I shall do throughout.
The sheer chaos of an era said to have required a daily calendar to catch the sense of rising tension between all the capitals makes it seem nonsensical to ascribe substantial blame to Britain. Eyebrows should rightly be raised over Britain’s non-interventionist policy on the eve of war in 1914, despite unconcealed German desires to be the main protagonist in global affairs. Which role did Britain play in the slide to war?
A critique of Realism is its supposed inability to consider the growing role of non-state actors. However, without differentiating Realism into its various strands, this is too simple a critique.
Impoverished slums, such as those in Mumbai and Gujarat, played a major part in ethnic violence because they were reliant upon resource networks divided along ethnic lines.
The concept of hegemony was revolutionised by Gramsci. He effectively transfigured hegemony from a one-dimensional feature into a more complex subject.
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