American foreign policy has been a widely debated area of diplomatic history and international relations for most of the last century, and President George W. Bush’s latest reincarnation has stimulated no less debate: Indeed, as Leffler recognises, there is enormous controversy surrounding the manifestation of contemporary US foreign policy – known colloquially as the ‘Bush Doctrine’ – The National Security Strategy of the United States of America(NSS).
The R2P is heralded by many as making political power more responsible and accountable, both to the domestic citizenry and ‘international community’. It has sought to democratise humanitarian intervention in a way which reconceptualises sovereignty as responsibility and looks to protect the ‘victim other’ from imminent mass death at the hands of irresponsible state power.
This essay seeks to refine Organski’s Power Transition Theory by decoupling the dominant state from the world system it embodies.
The role of the European powers was crucial in the making of the Middle East system not only because they were responsible for the incongruence of land partition after the Ottoman Empire and its consequent conflicts, but also because they established very important starting points for many trans-national phenomena by aiming to incorporate the area to the global capitalist system.
Although ethnic divisions were substantiated in a number of different forms, ethnicity was a persistent and divisive force in Ugandan politics, both before and after independence.
The transformation of the Syrian Civil War from a bipolar to a tripolar conflict came from incompatible visions of Syria’s future within the Syrian Resistance Coalition.
Two intelligence failures in the European fight against Asian anti-imperial insurgency seem to be classic intelligence scandals with grave implications for the Asian continent.
The economic implications resulting from the rising Chinese influence in Latin America are differentiated from country to country, but also within each country’s economic sector.
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is perpetuated by culturally and socially embedded discourses of victimhood that are existent in both countries’ narratives.
Independence from the Soviet Union has led to both similarities and differences in the reinvention of national identities in Belarus and Ukraine. Belarusian identity is still within its infancy due to the strong Russian influences and the active role of the Belarusian government to prevent the rise of civil society organizations. In contrast, Ukrainian identity has developed sufficiently enough to separate itself from Russia.
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