Contemporary Turkey’s political system, despite some clear flaws, can be characterised as democratic. The AKP, by undertaking further reforms, has continued this processes of democratisation.
For a long time, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) were viewed predominantly as socially and morally progressive organisations. Yet, this dominant perception of NGOs as do-gooders has been challenged in recent decades – especially after 9/11. This essay focuses on two of the many potential challenges to the political claims of NGOs: the inequality in the world polity and regressive globalisation.
Because children play an important role in armed conflict, the question remains whether children conscript by their free will, by an overpowering adult, or by social conditions.
Two intelligence failures in the European fight against Asian anti-imperial insurgency seem to be classic intelligence scandals with grave implications for the Asian continent.
The decision by the United Nations to partition Palestine in 1947 was a major watershed in Middle Eastern history. Not only did it lead to the creation of the state of Israel, a Zionist aim since the eighteenth century, but it set in stone a conflict which still to this day remains unresolved.Although the decision aimed to appease both Jews and Arabs, who laid differing ideological claims to the same territory and, as James L. Ilsley stated, was the ‘best of four unattractive and difficult alternatives,’ it failed.
Japan and China reacted differently to pressure from the West in the 19th century: Japan opened trade with the West and modernized successfully, neither of which China did.
During the 1970’s, Spain and Portugal made the political transition from corporatism to democracy. Spain is often viewed as the paradigm case for the transition to democracy model. If Spain’s experience was the generalizable case for the transition to democracy, wouldn’t Portugal’s path to democracy be similar because of the two nations’ similarities? Both countries shared a common geographical setting, history, religion, and corporatist dictatorships. However, markably different factors caused the political changes, producing different government and social structures in each society. Spain and Portugal may have similarities, but these factors cloud the very different processes that occurred in each country’s transition to democracy, bringing the appearance of correlation when in fact there is little.
Trade regimes of the late 19th century and post-War era shared a common root in liberal economic theory, but fostered opposing policies on government intervention in domestic markets.
1979 was a watershed for US-Iranian relations. Thereafter, a politics of identity has shaped relations, obstructing normalisation efforts.
Is Israel returning to the strategy of “security through peace” or a continuation of the “security through strength” mindset characterized by deterrence, containment, and military force?
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