The resurgence of ‘the left’ in Latin America has received a great deal of attention from policy makers, academics and journalists alike. The November 2006 victory of Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua is merely the most recent in a string of electoral triumphs which has seen Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Bolivia come under the control of leftist governments. Following five decades in which civil, political and socio-economic rights have been damaged variously by authoritarianism, neo-liberalism and clientelism, many hope that a new era may be on the horizon.
The EU is not currently a military power, despite recent developments. Nor will it be without a standing army or a centralised command structure.
While international politics is fettered and formed by the imperious political culture of the West, IR is developing a reflexive turn. That turn gives a new compelling impetus to the popular and radical traditions of resistance and critique.
China may achieve more than to insert themselves into an existing bilateral relationship between Africa and the West, converting it into a triangular one.
Because the scale and intensity of human rights violations remains high, the UN has already acknowledge the importance of investing in development projects that can create long-term change by educating future generations to be imaginative and thoughtful in their problem-solving capabilities. Ultimately, we must believe in the power of art to change lives.
Ultimately Carr’s realist critique of utopianism is convincing because of the limitations of realism which he himself recognises and reconciles with his conception of utopia. The strength of realism lies in exposing the weakness of utopian thought. It is also noteworthy that realism and utopianism per se can be interpreted differently and the interplay between the two suggests that each has no absolute position.
Fred Halliday’s assessment that nationalist movements in the Middle East are deeply complex affairs appears to be accurate under examination.
Hamas’ and Hizbullah’s responses to the Syrian crisis resulted from the interplay between strategic and ideological considerations, reflecting the concept of Islamist ‘actorness’.
This paper will examine the development of NATO throughout the post-Cold War era within the framework of the ‘neo-neo’ debate. Following a brief outline of the two theories, the activities of the alliance will be considered thematically, with conclusions drawn as to the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective in offering explanatory accounts.
This essay will briefly explain the importance of sanctions, along with their uses and failings. These will be evaluated in regard to the particular case study of the economic sanctions on Iraq during the 1990s, to illustrate the real problems of applying humanitarian law to sanctions.
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